Which scientific studies exist about Pine pollen?

In the West, research into the effects of Pine Pollen is still in its very early stages. This article provides an initial overview of the studies currently available. Important context: All the studies listed here are laboratory studies (in vitro) or animal studies—no effects in humans can be inferred from them. But they show what is being investigated:

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of pine pollen extract in vitro.

Effect of pine pollen extract on experimental chronic arthritis.

Antiaging effect of pine pollen in human diploid fibroblasts and in a mouse model induced by D-galactose.

Effect of pine pollen on kidney mitochondria DNA deletion mutation in senile mice.

Immunomodulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides of pine pollen on mouse macrophages.

Testosterone, epitestosterone and androstenedione in the pollen of Scotch pine P. silvestris L.

Vitamin D and its metabolites in the pollen of pine. Part 5: Steroid hormones in the pollen of pine species.

An even more up-to-date summary of the research – including two new clinical pilot studies from 2024/2025 – can be found in our comprehensive Pine Pollen overview. Go directly to the comprehensive study overview.